Typically, in cats, we use a topical medication for flea and tick prevention.

Prevention is key and it's fairly easy. In cats, we typically use a topical type of prevention, which is a liquid that goes in between their shoulder blades. The frequency varies depending on the type of prevention, usually once a month, once every two months, or once every three months.

Yes, dogs need to receive vaccinations regularly to maintain their immunity to diseases. After a dog turns one year of age, as long as their vaccines have been on schedule, they will receive distemper parvo and rabies vaccines every three years. Lyme, leptospirosis, kennel cough, and flu vaccines are given once a year. Skipping vaccinations can hinder a dog's immune system and increase their risk of contracting diseases, especially for senior pets.

Non-core vaccinations include the kennel cough, Lyme, and flu vaccines. The kennel cough vaccine is recommended for dogs that will be boarded, kenneled, groomed, or attend doggy daycare. The Lyme vaccine is recommended for dogs that live in or frequently visit wooded areas, go hiking or camping, or are exposed to ticks. However, even if a dog goes for a walk outside, there may be ticks waiting in the grass for your dog to pass so they can latch on, so the Lyme vaccine is always recommended. The flu vaccine is especially important for dogs that will be boarding, grooming, or attending doggy daycare, as the flu can be deadly and easily transmitted in these environments.

No, the only mandatory vaccination is the rabies vaccination. However, it is highly recommended for dogs to receive all their core vaccinations, as they protect against serious diseases that can be easily transmitted.

No, it depends on your pet’s lifestyle. Core vaccinations are those that are considered to be either required or highly recommended for every dog. Examples include rabies, distemper parvo, and leptospirosis vaccines. The kennel cough vaccine, in my opinion, should be a core vaccine. Sometimes we hold off on this vaccine if a dog is truly never boarded or taken to a grooming facility, but there is always a risk of exposure.

Yes, spaying or neutering can help prevent or reduce the risk of illnesses like infections in the uterus, cancer of the mammary glands, and diseases related to the testicles and prostate.