Kittens should get food labeled for kittens. They're going to have higher amounts of fat and protein compared to regular adult foods, which they need. Adult cats should get food labeled for adult cats, depending on their age. Sometimes they have ones for younger cats versus older cats. Some cats need an indoor formula because they're not very active, but you want something explicitly labeled for an adult cat and an indoor cat if that's what they are. Senior cats need a senior diet, as they’re going to require fair amounts of protein and fat, but a little bit less than a kitten and our adult food. Senior cat food will also have less magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, and other things that can cause some problems in older cats, and we want to maintain their lean muscle mass as they get older. You always want to make sure you're feeding a food explicitly labeled for your cat’s age.

Again, it depends on what the procedure is. In my mind, when I hear surgery, I think of cutting. I think I'm making an incision somewhere, and so yes, anytime you do that, there will be some form of pain.

The good news is though, is we have a bunch of different modalities to control that pain. There are anti-inflammatory drugs that we can use. There are other analgesic drugs like opioids that can control pain quite well.

So, if it's a procedure that warrants any kind of pain control, and most of them do, there are many very effective and user-friendly modes that we can use to control pain in cats.

There are some times when I have a full surgical day, I’ll go straight from one procedure to make sure the animal's waking up fine, turn it over to my staff, and I have to jump back in the next surgery. That means that sometimes it will be the veterinary staff that will contact you and explains how your animal did, how they're doing now, and how long before they're awake.

I do lean on my staff quite heavily, but certainly, when possible, I try to make the phone calls myself at least to explain, "Hey, I'm done. This is how it went," because nobody knows how well it went better than me. I was the one doing it. I try to make the phone call whenever possible—either immediately after surgery, or when the client picks up at the time of discharge.

Intubating a cat is when you use an endotracheal tube that insett into the trachea, the windpipe, if you will. We do that in the vast majority of cases, especially those that require a general anesthetic. When I say general anesthetic, that is that a surgical plane, and we give them a drug to induce anesthesia, usually propofol. Once the cat loses consciousness, we insert the trach tube just described. Then the cat is breathing oxygen, and a certain gas isofluorane, cepofluorine, something like that that holds them under anesthetic for as long as they keep breathing that gas.

That is what's called general anesthetic, and that's how the bulk of our anesthetic procedures are done. Occasionally, you might have a milder surgery if I can use that term. Maybe it's a surgery to debride a wound or clean up an abscess...even a male cat neuter. These types of procedures don't require a general anesthetic because they’re pretty fast procedures. In some of those cases we can just do heavy sedation, and those cats are not always intubated for those more minor procedures because they don't entirely lose consciousness. There's pain control. They do lose consciousness, but not the ability to swallow. So, we don't have to worry about them aspirating anything.