The most common would either be injectable, where we give an injection in the vein, or inhalant, general anesthesia, where they are intubated.

That is a possibility, but it is a very low risk. And when that occurs, of course, we take that very seriously, and we do things to help prevent that. So whether it's an IV catheter ahead of time, assessing any underlying diseases, and treating those before we're going to sedate your pet or anesthetize your pet, those are all things we take into consideration.

Anytime we need the pet to be still, and we might be performing something painful or uncomfortable, we would need anesthesia.

The side effects would be a lower heart rate, a lower respiration rate. That's just part of anesthesia. Changes in blood pressure and sedation itself are all side effects.

In general, we tend to think about the Maine Coon. They are at higher risk for a heart disease called HCM, which is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. That's a disease that they can hide. They don't necessarily have to show the symptoms or have a murmur to have heart disease. And that breed's a higher risk as are our Persians—our brachycephalic, or our smooshed-face breeds, because of the breathing. And so, when we think about the dog world, we think about bulldogs and how they recover. And so we have cats like that that already aren't breathing "normal" before anesthesia. And so then you're asking them to recover from a procedure, which makes it worth taking extra care to monitor those guys.