Heatstroke, or hyperthermia, occurs when a pet's body temperature rises significantly above the normal range due to environmental factors. A dog's normal body temperature is around 101.5°F, and a temperature higher than 105°F is considered a true emergency. Commonly, heatstroke occurs in hot summer weather, especially when dogs are left in vehicles without proper ventilation.
Other conditions that can lead to heatstroke include:
- Being left outdoors in hot or humid conditions without shade.
- Exercising in hot or humid weather.
- Being left in a car on a seemingly cool day (around 70°F), a vehicle's internal temperature can increase by an average of 40 degrees Fahrenheit within an hour.
- Certain health issues, like obesity and airway diseases.
- Brachycephalic (short-nosed) breeds, such as Pekingese, Pug, Lhasa Apso, and Boston terrier, are particularly susceptible to heatstroke due to "ineffectual panting syndrome."
Signs of heatstroke include excessive panting, restlessness, drooling, unsteady movement, and abnormal gum color (blue/purple or bright red), indicating inadequate oxygen supply.
What to Do:
- Immediately remove your pet from the hot environment.
- Move your pet to a cool, shaded area and use a fan for airflow.
- If possible, determine and record the rectal temperature.
- Place your pet in a cool water bath (or shower), keeping their head above water. If ice cubes are available, they can be used in the water. Wetting the ear flaps and paws with cool water and using a fan can also aid in evaporative cooling.
- Immediately transport your pet to the nearest veterinary facility.
What NOT to Do:
- Do not over-cool your pet. Aim to reduce the body temperature to 102.5-103°F during transport.
- Avoid forcing water into your pet's mouth, but have cool water available if your pet is alert and interested in drinking.
- Never leave your pet unattended.
Immediate cooling is crucial in heatstroke cases. However, heatstroke affects nearly all body systems, and merely reducing the body temperature doesn't address the potential complications of this condition. Thus, it's essential to seek veterinary care as soon as possible.
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