In a comprehensive exploration of hip dislocation in our four-legged friends, let's dive into a detailed overview of the anatomy, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options associated with this orthopedic challenge.
Anatomy of the Hip Joint
To comprehend hip dislocation, it's important to grasp the anatomy of the hip joint. The hip joint functions as a ball and socket, with the femur's head forming the ball and the pelvic bone's acetabulum creating the socket. Ligaments, muscles, and a fibrous capsule hold the joint in place. A thick ligament called the capital ligament (or round ligament of the femoral head) and surrounding structures maintain the femoral head within the acetabulum.
Hip Dislocation and Luxation
Hip dislocation, also known as hip luxation, occurs when the femoral head separates from the acetabulum due to trauma that breaks the capital ligament and tears the joint capsule. In most cases, the femur luxates up and forward. Trauma is severe enough to cause this separation.
Clinical Presentation and Radiographic Confirmation
Observing a patient's gait and assessing weight-bearing ability often provide initial clues to hip dislocation. Radiographs are essential for confirmation and to assess additional information, such as bone fragments that may have detached during the injury. Addressing these fragments is crucial to prevent long-term joint issues.
Treatment Options
1. Closed Reduction
Attempting to manipulate the bones back into place without surgical intervention. This is performed under anesthesia and involves gently maneuvering the femoral head back into the acetabulum. Confinement and healing time follow, with cage rest generally preferred over slings and bandages.
2. Surgery
Depending on the extent of joint damage, surgical techniques vary. They may involve sewing the joint capsule, placing screws, drilling holes, or using pins to stabilize the joint. The most suitable method depends on the specific case.
3. Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO)
Suitable for smaller dogs, active dogs, or cats, this procedure involves removing the femoral head, allowing a false joint to form. Despite a period of restricted use and healing, a false joint proves effective for weight-bearing and mobility.
Addressing Hip Dysplasia
Hip dislocation may coincide with hip dysplasia. Surgical correction of hip dysplasia can be considered alongside hip dislocation treatment.
Hip dislocation is a significant orthopedic challenge in dogs, requiring prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Veterinary expertise and a tailored approach ensure optimal recovery and improved quality of life for our furry companions.
Don't have a vet in your area yet? We can help you find a local veterinarian.
If you have more questions, the GeniusVets Telehealth platform will give you unlimited access to text and/or video calls with board-certified veterinarians! To learn more click here.