Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease that can affect our beloved canine companions. There are two forms of anaplasmosis: granulocytic anaplasmosis and infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia, with the former being more common. These infections are transmitted through the bite of a tick vector, with Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) being the primary vector in the Midwest and Northeastern United States, and Ixodes pacificus (Western blacklegged tick) in the Western United States.
Detecting Anaplasmosis
Diagnosing anaplasmosis involves blood tests and a urinalysis, which typically include a complete blood count, blood smear evaluation, biochemistry panel, serology for antibodies, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. If your dog shows lameness, radiographs and joint fluid analysis may also be included in the diagnostic process.
Treatment and Relief
When it comes to treatment, antibiotics are a key component, with doxycycline being the most commonly used one. Most dogs respond positively within one to two days of starting doxycycline. Other antibiotic options, such as tetracycline or minocycline, are also available.
Pain relief and anti-inflammatory drugs may be necessary to alleviate joint pain. It's important to let your veterinarian choose the appropriate anti-inflammatory medication, as dogs metabolize these drugs differently from humans.
Preventing Anaplasmosis
Preventing ticks from attaching to your dog and removing any attached ticks within a few hours is crucial in preventing anaplasmosis. Appropriate tick control measures play a significant role in safeguarding your dog's health.
It's essential to note that dogs with anaplasmosis might also be infected with other tick-borne organisms like Ehrlichia and Borrelia. Therefore, it's wise to have your infected dog screened for other tick-borne diseases as well.
Types of Anaplasmosis
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis
This form of anaplasmosis affects white blood cells and is caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum. It is commonly seen in dogs in the Northeastern, upper Midwest, and coastal western United States. Adult dogs, especially golden retrievers and Labrador retrievers, appear to be more susceptible.
Dogs exposed to granulocytic anaplasmosis may not always show obvious signs, but when they do, it's usually 1 to 2 weeks after transmission. Symptoms may include lethargy, loss of appetite, fever, and lameness due to joint pain. Some dogs may experience additional signs like vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Thankfully, the prognosis for this form of anaplasmosis is quite good.
Infectious Cyclic Thrombocytopenia
This form of anaplasmosis affects blood platelets and is caused by Anaplasma platys. Signs of infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia include lack of appetite, lethargy, fever, bruising on the gums and stomach, nosebleeds, and weight loss. Fortunately, many dogs with this condition have mild clinical disease, leading to a generally good prognosis.
Being aware of anaplasmosis and the importance of tick prevention and timely veterinary care can help keep our canine friends safe and healthy. As responsible dog owners, let's ensure we protect our furry companions from tick-borne diseases and enjoy many happy and tick-free adventures together!
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