Tooth resorption (TR) is a prevalent oral condition in cats, affecting more than half of felines older than three years. This condition is characterized by the erosion of dental hard tissue at the gum line and can cause significant discomfort for affected cats. Despite its common occurrence, the exact cause of tooth resorption remains unknown, although several theories, including autoimmune responses, calicivirus, and metabolic imbalances, have been proposed.
Clinical Presentation
Tooth resorptions are typically found at the gum line, predominantly in the lower jaw premolars, although any tooth can be affected. These lesions progress inward, eroding the dentin and exposing sensitive tissues. Cats with tooth resorption may exhibit signs such as increased salivation, oral bleeding, difficulty eating, pain, and jaw spasms. However, many cases lack outward signs, necessitating diagnosis by a veterinarian or observant owner.
Stages and Types of Tooth Resorption
There are five recognized stages and three types of tooth resorption:
- Stage 1: In this initial stage, only an enamel defect is present, usually minimally sensitive as it has not reached the dentin.
- Stage 2: The lesion progresses, penetrating both enamel and dentin, becoming more sensitive.
- Stage 3: Resorption advances into the pulp chamber (nerve), causing significant discomfort.
- Stage 4: Large portions of the tooth's structure are destroyed.
- Stage 5: Most of the tooth is resorbed, leaving a bump covered by gum tissue.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Intraoral radiographs (X-rays) are crucial for evaluating affected teeth and determining appropriate therapy. Treatment varies based on the resorption stage observed on visual examination and X-rays:
- Type 1: Follow the resorption until it exposes the oral cavity.
- Type 2: Extract the entire tooth and roots.
- Type 3: Consider partial tooth extraction.
For cats in stage 5 without inflammation, treatment might not be necessary, as the condition might not cause discomfort at this stage.
Conclusion
Tooth resorption is a common yet painful condition in cats. Timely diagnosis, often aided by X-rays, is essential to determine the appropriate course of action, which may range from monitoring the lesion to tooth extraction. Regular dental check-ups are vital to ensuring the overall oral health and well-being of feline companions.
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