Arthritis, also known as osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease (DJD), is a relentless adversary of joint health. It unfolds as a gradual, progressive, and irreversible joint condition. This ailment is marked by the gradual erosion of joint cartilage, the emergence of bony spurs, and the thickening and scarring of connective tissue around the joint, often arising from injury.
While degenerative joint issues are prevalent in cats, they might not manifest with visible signs like lameness. One study revealed that a staggering 90 percent of cats over 12 years old displayed radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis.
The Divide of Primary and Secondary Arthritis
Arthritis is categorized into primary and secondary forms. Primary arthritis is linked to the natural aging process and the cumulative wear and tear experienced by joints over the years. In contrast, secondary arthritis stems from external forces or events (such as trauma or misalignment) that have inflicted damage to joint cartilage in the past.
Arthritis isn't selective—it can affect any cat, regardless of age, gender, or breed. Predisposition often traces back to underlying causes like elbow or hip dysplasia, osteochondrosis, and more.
Unveiling Diagnosis
Piecing together the puzzle of arthritis relies on a range of diagnostic tools: physical examinations, X-rays, joint taps, cytology, force plate gait analysis, therapeutic drug trials, and additional tests.
Decoding Physical Signs in Cats
Unlike dogs, lameness isn't as evident in cats. Many become less active, adopt hiding behavior, or develop new habits like irritability, diminished grooming, or struggles with using the litterbox. Swelling, joint thickening, and restricted range of motion can also occur. Sometimes, there's discomfort when you or your veterinarian manipulate the affected joint.
Peering into the Joint: Diagnostic Imaging
Radiographs (X-rays) and CT scans offer insight into joint conditions, spotlighting excess fluid, bony spurs, or underlying issues like elbow or hip dysplasia.
Trialing Therapeutic Approaches
In certain cases, a therapeutic trial of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can confirm the diagnosis if lameness reduces after their administration.
A Multifaceted Approach: Treatment and Management
While curing arthritis isn't feasible, managing its impact is within reach.
The objectives revolve around easing discomfort, curbing degenerative joint progression, and restoring joint function. A combination of treatments typically addresses pain, stiffness, and unease.
Managing weight is paramount. Excess pounds impose extra strain on joints and muscles. If your pet is overweight, your veterinarian will likely recommend weight loss. Activities like low-impact walks and swimming can aid weight loss while also enhancing joint mobility, muscle mass, and exercise tolerance.
Chondroprotective agents, also known as joint supplements, provide cartilage support and possess anti-inflammatory properties. They slow cartilage deterioration and furnish essential building blocks. Key agents include polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG), glucosamine, and chondroitin sulfate. However, their effectiveness might vary. Injectable PSGAGs offer swifter and longer-lasting results than their oral counterparts. In cases where cartilage is severely compromised or unresponsive, inflammation prevails, these treatments might yield limited improvement.
Diets enriched with omega-3 fatty acids can mitigate inflammation.
NSAIDs and Beyond
NSAIDs are crucial in dog arthritis therapy. Be mindful of potential side effects such as stomach upset, elevated liver enzymes, and potential kidney concerns. Limited NSAIDs are sanctioned for use in cats, and your veterinarian will guide you on suitable options.
Surgical Steps
Surgery is an option if medical treatments yield inadequate results. Certain underlying causes like cranial cruciate ligament rupture, elbow dysplasia, osteochondritis dissecans, joint incongruity, intra-articular fractures, and joint instability might necessitate surgical intervention. Reconstructive procedures can rectify joint instability and anatomical irregularities. In severe hip dysplasia cases, a total hip replacement or femoral head/neck ostectomy might be suggested. In wrist or ankle arthritis, joint fusion surgery could restore functionality.
Tracking Progress and Paws-itivity
Regular follow-up appointments, typically every 1-4 months, help monitor therapy responses and disease progression. If your cat is on NSAIDs, periodic blood tests, including complete blood counts and biochemistry profiles, ensure liver and kidney health.
Arthritis can be managed in many cats, enhancing their quality of life with your dedicated care. The journey might be an arduous one, but with the right guidance, you and your cat can navigate the challenges and cherish the comfort together.
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