Greetings to all pet aficionados! Today, we venture into the intricate realms of constipation and its more intense counterpart, megacolon, affecting our cherished cats. Join me as we decipher the complexities of these bowel-related predicaments, exploring causes, treatments, and solutions to ensure our furry friends' comfort and well-being.
Confronting Simple Constipation
An occasional bout of constipation is generally not a cause for alarm. Constipation becomes evident through abnormally hard stools and unproductive straining, with the possibility of locating firm stools in unusual places. Veterinary assistance may or may not be necessary. Here's a comprehensive guide for discerning if your pet is constipated and understanding the steps to take.
Our furry friends' colons (large intestines) serve the purpose of stool storage. Although many pet owners get concerned when their pet hasn't defecated in a few days, keep in mind that the colon can store several weeks' worth of stool. If only a few days have passed, it might be prudent to wait a bit longer. However, if your pet appears uncomfortable or strains without relief, it's time to consider intervention.
Diving into the Roots of Constipation
Pets may strain due to either constipation or large intestinal diarrhea. Straining during urination is also a possibility, and distinguishing the cause is crucial. If you've noticed only straining, it may not necessarily indicate constipation. Urgent care is warranted if there's any doubt about your pet's ability to urinate.
Avoid the temptation to use over-the-counter human constipation products, like enemas or laxatives, on your pets. These products can be toxic to animals. Seeking specific veterinary guidance is imperative before administering any human medications to pets.
Possible Culprits of Simple Constipation
Simple constipation can stem from various sources. Some pets excessively groom themselves, ingesting hair that accumulates in stools. Excessive grooming can often be attributed to itchiness and addressing the root cause can alleviate the issue.
Medications, such as sucralfate, can provoke constipation as a side effect.
An electrolyte imbalance, especially in older pets, could manifest as constipation. This may be an indicator of underlying metabolic issues, like insufficient kidney function, and regular monitoring is crucial.
Internal obstructions could also trigger constipation. For instance, pets that have been hit by cars might suffer from a fractured pelvis, narrowing the pelvic canal through which stools pass. This type of constipation might not arise until years after the initial injury.
Embarking on Treatment for Simple Constipation
Treating occasional constipation often involves medication and dietary adjustments. Commercially prepared enemas are not suitable for pets, as some are toxic. Enemas, stool softeners, and laxatives should be administered under veterinary guidance.
Medications like stool softeners (laxatone, lactulose, Miralax®), or those enhancing large intestine motility (cisapride, bisacodyl/Dulcolax®) might be prescribed for short-term relief.
Incorporating dietary changes might be recommended for a one-time episode. High-fiber diets or low-residue, high-digestibility diets can help address constipation. Prescription high-fiber diets designed for pets are a straightforward approach, but fiber can also be added to regular diets through options like canned pumpkin, bran cereal, or specific products like Metamucil.
Navigating Recurring Constipation
For recurring constipation, similar treatments apply on a long-term basis. Enemas might need to be administered more frequently, and medications or diet changes could become permanent management strategies. Regular lab work and abdominal radiographs are crucial for comprehensive management.
Distinguishing Obstipation from Constipation
Obstipation occurs when constipation persists, and the pet is unable to fully empty their colon. The colon becomes distended and packed with extremely hard feces, causing severe discomfort. Frequent, unproductive straining, lethargy, appetite loss, and even vomiting are common symptoms. This condition necessitates thorough de-obstipation, often requiring anesthesia and professional care.
When Megacolon Enters the Scene
Megacolon is an advanced stage of obstipation, where the colon's muscles stretch extensively, rendering it much larger than normal. Muscles become incapable of pushing feces into the rectum, leaving a bulky mass in the expanded colon. This combination of an enlarged colon and obstipation defines megacolon.
The Permanent Solution: Subtotal Colectomy for Cats
For cats, subtotal colectomy, the surgical removal of the diseased colon, offers a lasting solution. Subtotal colectomy eliminates the need for frequent stool softeners, enemas, or medications. Cats generally adapt well to the change, experiencing more comfortable bowel movements.
However, subtotal colectomy presents certain challenges:
- The colon harbors a substantial bacterial population, raising concerns about post-operative infection. Vigilance is crucial for any signs of lethargy or appetite changes after surgery.
- Specific recovery diets might be necessary, especially for cats with persistent loose stool issues.
- Cats might refuse food post-surgery, necessitating nutritional support to avoid prolonged fasting.
- Scarring could lead to bowel narrowing and recurrent obstipation, requiring a second surgery.
Results of subtotal colectomy are often favorable, with cats experiencing improved comfort and quality of life.
As we navigate the intricate pathways of constipation and megacolon, let's prioritize our pets' well-being with expert knowledge, compassion, and care. Armed with understanding and empathy, we can guide our beloved companions toward healthier, happier lives.
Don't have a vet in your area yet? We can help you find a local veterinarian.
If you have more questions, the GeniusVets Telehealth platform will give you unlimited access to text and/or video calls with board-certified veterinarians! To learn more click here.